ABSTRACT
Carbohydrates are the most abundant natural products and a major component on the cell surface of living beings. They are useful building blocks of various natural products and organic synthesis due to their presence of multiple chiral centers and hydroxy groups. The recent outbreak of COVID-19 and other life-threatening viral infections necessitates the development of potent antiviral drugs. In this review, we focused on the synthesis of antiviral drugs to treat influenza, HIV, herpes, hepatitis, and other diseases, from different monosaccharides such as D-glucose, D-mannose, D-xylose, N-acetyl-D-glucosamine, D-gluconolactone, etc., such as anti-influenza drugs remdesivir, Tamiflu, zanamivir, and so on.
ABSTRACT
In order to analyze the progression of COVID-19 outbreak in India, we present a data-driven analysis, by the consideration of four different metrics, namely, reproduction rate, growth rate, doubling time and death-to-recovery ratio. The incidence data of the COVID-19 (during the period of 2nd March 2020 to 11th September 2021) outbreak in India was analyzed, based on the estimation of time-dependent reproduction. The analysis suggested effectiveness of the lockdown, in arresting the growth and this continued for the post-lockdown period, except for the period of the setbacks resulting for the second wave. The approach adopted here would be useful in future monitoring of pandemics, including its progression. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.
ABSTRACT
Antibacterial properties of copper have been known for ages. With the rise of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), hospital-acquired infections, and the current SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, copper and copper-derived materials are being widely researched for healthcare ranging from therapeutics to advanced wound dressing to medical devices. We cover current research that highlights the potential uses of metallic and ionic copper, copper alloys, copper nanostructures, and copper composites as antibacterial, antifungal, and antiviral agents, including those against the SARS-CoV-2 virus. The applications of copper-enabled engineered materials in medical devices, wound dressings, personal protective equipment, and self-cleaning surfaces are discussed. We emphasize the potential of copper and copper-derived materials in combating AMR and efficiently reducing infections in clinical settings.
ABSTRACT
India's agriculture and its allied activities are the largest sources of livelihood for about 70 to 80% of the population. The COVID-19 virus is spreading rapidly and India declared a 4th phase nation-wise lockdown until May 31. Due to this lockdown, many have lost their jobs and are unable to continue to earn their livelihood. Famers incurred losses due to non-availability of labor as well as lack of transportation facilities and market closure. Poultry farmers reported that they incurred losses due to a huge stock of unsold eggs and were unable to go to the market to sell their products. Fishermen were not able to fish and were very much worried about the fishing ban in seas and rivers, subsequently delayed harvesting. Market closure and movement restrictions affected their job and incurred a huge loss. It seems that they are facing live risk for not gaining employment. Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India, announced that exempted agriculture and allied activities from lockdown restrictions. Laborers can go to work to generate their livelihood, and markets are open, Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme (MGNREGS) work will also commence. However, there is some transportation/ communication gap at the village level. Mostly impacted livelihoods are those who do businesses or engage in casual labor or petty trade. Therefore, the government should have a focus on the lives of citizens of every section of society. This paper examined impacts on livelihoods, food security, access to goods and materials. It highlights how people are anxious about making daily needs and staying healthy amid unprecedented constraints. Though, people who generate their livelihood on agriculture and allied activities have lost their income and are mostly jobless. Many opted for other livelihood options such as daily wagers, vegetable sellers, and homemakers to sustain life and family. The shortage of laborers could disrupt the production and processing of food, business, industries, and other sectors. A total of 400 respondents were selected for this study. This paper analyzed the impact of COVID-19 on different sections of people. The use of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) can boost up agricultural productivity and supply chain. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.
ABSTRACT
A good number of patients experience post-Covid complications. Doctors and nurses are the front liners who are at greater risk of having this disease. Neurological symptoms are frequent in patients with post-COVID-19 infection. The study aims to observe the post-acute neurological symptoms among doctors and nurses of Mymensingh Medical College Hospital, a tertiary care hospital in Bangladesh, after they recover from initial infection or among the asymptomatic cases. It was a retrospective observational study among the doctors and nurses who became RT PCR positive from late April to mid-September 2020. A total of 100 subjects were interviewed over the phone for the presence or absence of neurological symptoms four weeks post Covid-19 infection. Total 54 doctors and 46 nurses were evaluated;the male-female ratio was 1:1.77, the mean age was 35.6+/-7.6 years. Post-acute COVID neurological symptoms (PACNS) were present in 60% of respondents. Fatigue (51%) was the most common symptom, followed by sleep disturbance, headache, myalgia, loss of taste and smell. PACNS were more in symptomatic patients at the initial Covid infection than asymptomatic cases.
ABSTRACT
Amidst the current pandemic situation which has been going on for a significant period of time now, although vast numbers of people are safe in their homes, this crisis has rendered millions of people unemployed, mainly the daily wage labourers, etc., who are now struggling with not only the gravity of the coronavirus but also with hunger and unemployment. We are witnessing a rich and poor divide that has crossed boundaries that were never explored before. We are all aware of the hardships of the people who are daily struggling just to manage a day’s food for their family, and so as responsible engineers, we plan to develop an Android application which aims on directing financial aid to those who are actually needy by gathering funds from millions of donors across the nation who share the same ideology and wish to help these people out but are unable due to the pandemic related restrictions. People who are deserving of this financial aid and also the people who wish to donate will be able to register themselves on the application, post which verification will be conducted for both the parties after which a designated amount of money will transferred to the needful directly. All cyber security protocols are aimed to be implemented so as there is no presence of any anomaly. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.
ABSTRACT
As concerned individuals and pursuing engineers, we are greatly affected by the adversity of the implications of the Corona Virus and thus decided to come up with a solution that aims to create a digital tracking and monitoring system so as to pacify the panic that is generated from the implications and severity of the COVID-19 virus. This digital solution system is targeted to help the masses in obtaining all the relevant and necessary information related to the scenario that would keep them well informed and updated and also give them an immediate and preliminary assistance if they develop the symptoms of the COVID-19 virus so as they can be subjected to immediate medical care and attending. © 2021 Institute of Physics Publishing. All rights reserved.